Vocabulary for New Sports at the Tokyo Olympics
2021-07-30
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1In the Tokyo Games, there are several "new" Olympic sports: karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing and baseball for men and softball for women.
2Baseball and softball are actually not new.
3The two sports have returned to Tokyo after some years away from the Games.
4In this week's lesson, we will look at the verbs and nouns that you hear from broadcasters and read in publications.
5Hopefully, it will help you understand what they are talking about!
6Let us begin with baseball.
7A player who starts a game by throwing a baseball is called a "pitcher."
8The pitcher will throw, or "pitch", to an opposing "batter" who stands at "home plate" ready to hit with a bat.
9In the "at bat," if the "batter" swings and misses, it is called a "strike."
10If the "batter" hits the ball cleanly and reaches a "base," it is called a "hit," as in:
11Dave got a hit in his first at bat.
12But a "hit" does not give the team a point, or a "run," in baseball.
13A "batter", now called a "runner", has to be able to move up, touch all three "bases" and return to "home plate" to score a "run."
14Softball is similar to baseball.
15But the sport is usually played by women.
16On Monday, American player Kelsey Stewart "hit" a softball out of the ballpark for a "homerun" to win the game 2-1. You probably heard the announcer say:
17Kelsey Stewart hits a walk-off homerun for the United States.
18Well, it is called a "walk-off" when a player scores a "run" at the bottom of the final "inning" to win a game.
19However, Japan turned a "double play" in the final game on Tuesday to win the gold medal over the U.S.
20With two "runners" on first and second bases, an American player hit the ball hard.
21The ball bounced off a Japanese player and was caught by Mana Atsumi in the air for the first "out."
22Atsumi then threw the ball to second base to get the second "out" for a "double play."
23There are two different karate competitions in Tokyo called "kata" and "kumite."
24"Kata" is a one-person event in which competitors perform offensive and defensive movements against a virtual opponent.
25Judges award points based on strength, speed, rhythm and balance.
26In "kumite", two competitors fight for three minutes or until one has collected eight more points than the other.
27A punch to the head or body scores one point; a kick to the body gets two points; and a high kick to the head gains three.
28You may hear this while watching a fight:
29The Czech karateka landed a punch to the head, scoring a "yuko."
30"Karateka" is Japanese word for a karate competitor.
31And you should know what "yuko" is.
32Have you ever tried skateboarding? There are two kinds of competition - "street" and "park."
33In the "park" event, skateboarders launch themselves into the air from an area that looks like an empty swimming pool.
34They receive points for performing "tricks" like jumping and turning in the air.
35In "street" skateboarding, competitors perform "tricks" on things you might find on a street, such as stairs, benches and railings.
36This is one sport that definitely attracts younger people to the games.
37Two 13-year-olds, Momiji Nishiya of Japan and Rayssa Leal of Brazil, won the gold and silver for "street" skateboarding earlier this week.
38As Nishiya skated to the gold on Monday, you might have heard the announcer say:
39If she can put down one of her signature tricks, front-side crook -- she does it! -- massive score coming her way!
40Sport climbing is a new sport to the Olympics.
41There are three things each climber must do: "speed, bouldering and lead."
42In "speed," two climbers go up a 15-meter high wall.
43The men's winner usually makes the climb within five or six seconds.
44In "bouldering," competitors climb several fixed routes on a 4.5 meter wall within 4 minutes.
45In the "lead" event, climbers attempt to move up as high as possible on a wall measuring over 15 meters in height within six minutes.
46Scores from all three events are gathered to get a final result.
47When a climber reaches the top of the wall, you might hear an announcer say:
48Alex Johnson has topped Women's Problem One!
49Surfing competition took place in the ocean, where athletes had to deal with waves, wind direction and the changing conditions of nature.
50In the Tokyo Games, each surfer is given about 30 minutes to ride up to 25 waves.
51A surfer performs a range of difficult movements on the waves, each with its special name.
52One of the turns is called the "cutback."
53It returns the surfer to an earlier position on the wave.
54The surfer "attacks" a wave and then "drops" into it.
55Here is how an announcer spoke about the surfing of American gold medal winner Carissa Moore:
56Carissa Moore drops in here ... beautiful arcing cutback...beautiful surfing.
57We hope you enjoy watching all of the Olympic games this year and feel more confident as you talk about these new sports in English.
58And that's Everyday Grammar!
59I'm Dan Friedell.
60And I'm Jill Robbins.
1In the Tokyo Games, there are several "new" Olympic sports: karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing and baseball for men and softball for women. 2Baseball and softball are actually not new. The two sports have returned to Tokyo after some years away from the Games. 3In this week's lesson, we will look at the verbs and nouns that you hear from broadcasters and read in publications. Hopefully, it will help you understand what they are talking about! 4Baseball 5Let us begin with baseball. 6A player who starts a game by throwing a baseball is called a "pitcher." The pitcher will throw, or "pitch", to an opposing "batter" who stands at "home plate" ready to hit with a bat. 7In the "at bat," if the "batter" swings and misses, it is called a "strike." If the "batter" hits the ball cleanly and reaches a "base," it is called a "hit," as in: 8Dave got a hit in his first at bat. 9But a "hit" does not give the team a point, or a "run," in baseball. A "batter", now called a "runner", has to be able to move up, touch all three "bases" and return to "home plate" to score a "run." 10Softball 11Softball is similar to baseball. But the sport is usually played by women. 12On Monday, American player Kelsey Stewart "hit" a softball out of the ballpark for a "homerun" to win the game 2-1. You probably heard the announcer say: 13Kelsey Stewart hits a walk-off homerun for the United States. 14Well, it is called a "walk-off" when a player scores a "run" at the bottom of the final "inning" to win a game. 15However, Japan turned a "double play" in the final game on Tuesday to win the gold medal over the U.S. With two "runners" on first and second bases, an American player hit the ball hard. The ball bounced off a Japanese player and was caught by Mana Atsumi in the air for the first "out." Atsumi then threw the ball to second base to get the second "out" for a "double play." 16Karate 17There are two different karate competitions in Tokyo called "kata" and "kumite." 18"Kata" is a one-person event in which competitors perform offensive and defensive movements against a virtual opponent. Judges award points based on strength, speed, rhythm and balance. 19In "kumite", two competitors fight for three minutes or until one has collected eight more points than the other. A punch to the head or body scores one point; a kick to the body gets two points; and a high kick to the head gains three. You may hear this while watching a fight: 20The Czech karateka landed a punch to the head, scoring a "yuko." 21"Karateka" is Japanese word for a karate competitor. And you should know what "yuko" is. 22Skateboarding 23Have you ever tried skateboarding? There are two kinds of competition - "street" and "park." 24In the "park" event, skateboarders launch themselves into the air from an area that looks like an empty swimming pool. They receive points for performing "tricks" like jumping and turning in the air. In "street" skateboarding, competitors perform "tricks" on things you might find on a street, such as stairs, benches and railings. 25This is one sport that definitely attracts younger people to the games. Two 13-year-olds, Momiji Nishiya of Japan and Rayssa Leal of Brazil, won the gold and silver for "street" skateboarding earlier this week. 26As Nishiya skated to the gold on Monday, you might have heard the announcer say: 27If she can put down one of her signature tricks, front-side crook -- she does it! -- massive score coming her way! 28Sport climbing 29Sport climbing is a new sport to the Olympics. There are three things each climber must do: "speed, bouldering and lead." 30In "speed," two climbers go up a 15-meter high wall. The men's winner usually makes the climb within five or six seconds. In "bouldering," competitors climb several fixed routes on a 4.5 meter wall within 4 minutes. In the "lead" event, climbers attempt to move up as high as possible on a wall measuring over 15 meters in height within six minutes. 31Scores from all three events are gathered to get a final result. When a climber reaches the top of the wall, you might hear an announcer say: 32Alex Johnson has topped Women's Problem One! 33Surfing 34Surfing competition took place in the ocean, where athletes had to deal with waves, wind direction and the changing conditions of nature. 35In the Tokyo Games, each surfer is given about 30 minutes to ride up to 25 waves. A surfer performs a range of difficult movements on the waves, each with its special name. One of the turns is called the "cutback." It returns the surfer to an earlier position on the wave. The surfer "attacks" a wave and then "drops" into it. Here is how an announcer spoke about the surfing of American gold medal winner Carissa Moore: 36Carissa Moore drops in here ... beautiful arcing cutback...beautiful surfing. 37We hope you enjoy watching all of the Olympic games this year and feel more confident as you talk about these new sports in English. 38And that's Everyday Grammar! 39I'm Dan Friedell. 40And I'm Jill Robbins. 41Dr. Jill Robbins wrote this lesson for Learning English. Hai Do and Susan Shand were the editors. 42____________________________________________________________ 43Words in This Story 44bat - n. a long rounded stick that is used to hit the ball in baseball 45score - v. to get points, goals, runs, or the like in a game or contest 46bounce - v. to move in one direction, hit a surface (such as a wall or the floor), and then quickly move in a different and usually opposite direction 47virtual - adj. very close to being something without actually being it 48punch - n. a quick hit with your fist 49swimming pool - n. a large structure that is filled with water and that is used for swimming 50signature - adj. closely associated with someone or something or making a person or thing easy to recognize 51arc - v. to move or lie in a curving path 52What do you think of the new Olympic sports? Can you talk about them easily? We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section. 53I